1 Tawarikh 11:1--20:8
Konteks11:1 All Israel joined David at Hebron and said, “Look, we are your very flesh and blood! 1 11:2 In the past, even when Saul was king, you were Israel’s commanding general. 2 The Lord your God said to you, ‘You will shepherd my people Israel; you will rule over my people Israel.’” 11:3 When all the leaders 3 of Israel came to the king at Hebron, David made an agreement 4 with them in Hebron before the Lord. They anointed 5 David king over Israel, just as the Lord had announced through Samuel. 6
11:4 David and the whole Israelite army 7 advanced to Jerusalem (that is, Jebus). 8 (The Jebusites, the land’s original inhabitants, lived there.) 9 11:5 The residents of Jebus said to David, “You cannot invade this place!” But David captured the fortress of Zion (that is, the City of David). 11:6 10 David said, “Whoever attacks 11 the Jebusites first will become commanding general!” 12 So Joab son of Zeruiah attacked 13 first and became commander. 14 11:7 David lived in the fortress; for this reason it is called the City of David. 11:8 He built up the city around it, from the terrace to the surrounding walls; 15 Joab restored the rest of the city. 11:9 David’s power steadily grew, for the Lord who commands armies was with him. 16
11:10 These were the leaders of David’s warriors who helped establish and stabilize his rule over all Israel, in accordance with the Lord’s word. 17 11:11 This is the list of David’s warriors: 18
Jashobeam, a Hacmonite, was head of the officers. 19 He killed three hundred men with his spear in a single battle. 20
11:12 Next in command 21 was Eleazar son of Dodo the Ahohite. He was one of the three elite warriors. 11:13 He was with David in Pas Dammim 22 when the Philistines assembled there for battle. In an area of the field that was full of barley, the army retreated before the Philistines, 11:14 but then they made a stand in the middle of that area. They defended it 23 and defeated the Philistines; the Lord gave them a great victory. 24
11:15 Three of the thirty leaders went down to David at the rocky cliff at the cave of Adullam, while a Philistine force was camped in the Valley of Rephaim. 11:16 David was in the stronghold at the time, while a Philistine garrison was in Bethlehem. 25 11:17 David was thirsty and said, “How I wish someone would give me some water to drink 26 from the cistern in Bethlehem near the city gate!” 11:18 So the three elite warriors 27 broke through the Philistine forces and drew some water from the cistern in Bethlehem near the city gate. They carried it back to David, but David refused to drink it. He poured it out as a drink offering to the Lord 11:19 and said, “God forbid that I should do this! 28 Should I drink the blood of these men who risked their lives?” 29 Because they risked their lives to bring it to him, he refused to drink it. Such were the exploits of the three elite warriors. 30
11:20 Abishai the brother of Joab was head of the three 31 elite warriors. He killed three hundred men with his spear 32 and gained fame along with the three elite warriors. 33 11:21 From 34 the three he was given double honor and he became their officer, even though he was not one of them. 35
11:22 Benaiah son of Jehoiada was a brave warrior from Kabzeel who performed great exploits. He struck down the two sons of Ariel of Moab; 36 he also went down and killed a lion inside a cistern on a snowy day. 11:23 He even killed an Egyptian who was seven and a half feet 37 tall. The Egyptian had a spear as big as the crossbeam of a weaver’s loom; Benaiah attacked 38 him with a club. He grabbed the spear out of the Egyptian’s hand and killed him with his own spear. 11:24 Such were the exploits of Benaiah son of Jehoiada, who gained fame along with the three elite warriors. 11:25 He received honor from 39 the thirty warriors, though he was not one of the three elite warriors. David put him in charge of his bodyguard.
11:26 The mighty warriors were:
Asahel the brother of Joab,
Elhanan son of Dodo, from Bethlehem, 40
11:27 Shammoth the Harorite, 41
Helez the Pelonite, 42
11:28 Ira son of Ikkesh the Tekoite,
Abiezer the Anathothite,
11:29 Sibbekai 43 the Hushathite,
Ilai 44 the Ahohite,
11:30 Maharai the Netophathite,
Heled son of Baanah the Netophathite,
11:31 Ithai 45 son of Ribai from Gibeah in Benjaminite territory,
Benaiah the Pirathonite,
11:32 Hurai 46 from the valleys of Gaash,
Abiel 47 the Arbathite,
11:33 Azmaveth the Baharumite, 48
Eliahba the Shaalbonite,
11:34 the sons of Hashem 49 the Gizonite,
Jonathan son of Shageh 50 the Hararite,
11:35 Ahiam son of Sakar 51 the Hararite,
Eliphal son of Ur, 52
11:36 Hepher the Mekerathite,
Ahijah the Pelonite,
Naarai son of Ezbai,
11:38 Joel the brother of Nathan, 54
Mibhar son of Hagri,
11:39 Zelek the Ammonite,
Naharai the Beerothite, the armor-bearer of Joab son of Zeruiah,
11:40 Ira the Ithrite,
Gareb the Ithrite,
11:41 Uriah the Hittite,
Zabad son of Achli,
11:42 Adina son of Shiza the Reubenite, leader of the Reubenites and the thirty warriors with him,
11:43 Hanan son of Maacah,
Joshaphat the Mithnite,
11:44 Uzzia the Ashterathite,
Shama and Jeiel, the sons of Hotham the Aroerite,
11:45 Jediael son of Shimri,
and Joha his brother, the Tizite,
11:46 Eliel the Mahavite,
and Jeribai and Joshaviah, the sons of Elnaam,
and Ithmah the Moabite,
11:47 Eliel,
and Obed,
and Jaasiel the Mezobaite.
12:1 These were the men who joined David in Ziklag, when he was banished 55 from the presence of Saul son of Kish. (They were among the warriors who assisted him in battle. 12:2 They were armed with bows and could shoot arrows or sling stones right or left-handed. They were fellow tribesmen of Saul from Benjamin. 56 ) These were: 57
12:3 Ahiezer, the leader, and Joash, the sons of Shemaah the Gibeathite; Jeziel and Pelet, the sons of Azmaveth;
Berachah,
Jehu the Anathothite,
12:4 Ishmaiah the Gibeonite, one of the thirty warriors and their leader,
(12:5)58 Jeremiah,
Jahaziel,
Johanan,
Jozabad the Gederathite,
12:5 (12:6) Eluzai,
Jerimoth,
Bealiah,
Shemariah,
Shephatiah the Haruphite,
12:6 Elkanah, Isshiah, Azarel, Joezer, and Jashobeam, who were Korahites,
12:7 and Joelah and Zebadiah, the sons of Jeroham from Gedor.
12:8 Some of the Gadites joined David at the stronghold in the desert. They were warriors who were trained for battle; they carried shields and spears. They were as fierce as lions and could run as quickly as gazelles across the hills. 59 12:9 Ezer was the leader, Obadiah the second in command, Eliab the third, 12:10 Mishmannah the fourth, Jeremiah the fifth, 12:11 Attai the sixth, Eliel the seventh, 12:12 Johanan the eighth, Elzabad the ninth, 12:13 Jeremiah the tenth, and Machbannai the eleventh. 12:14 These Gadites were military leaders; the least led a hundred men, the greatest a thousand. 60 12:15 They crossed the Jordan River 61 in the first month, 62 when it was overflowing its banks, and routed those living in all the valleys to the east and west. 63
12:16 Some from Benjamin and Judah also came to David’s stronghold. 12:17 David went out to meet them and said, 64 “If you come to me in peace and want to help me, then I will make an alliance with you. 65 But if you come to betray me to my enemies when I have not harmed you, 66 may the God of our ancestors 67 take notice and judge!” 12:18 But a spirit 68 empowered 69 Amasai, the leader of the thirty warriors, and he said: 70
“We are yours, O David!
We support 71 you, O son of Jesse!
May you greatly prosper! 72
May those who help you prosper! 73
Indeed 74 your God helps you!”
So David accepted them and made them leaders of raiding bands.
12:19 Some men from Manasseh joined 75 David when he went with the Philistines to fight against Saul. (But in the end they did not help the Philistines because, after taking counsel, the Philistine lords sent David away, saying: “It would be disastrous for us if he deserts to his master Saul.”) 76 12:20 When David 77 went to Ziklag, the men of Manasseh who joined him were Adnach, Jozabad, Jediael, Michael, Jozabad, Elihu, and Zillethai, leaders of a thousand soldiers each in the tribe of Manasseh. 12:21 They helped David fight against raiding bands, for all of them were warriors and leaders in the army. 12:22 Each day men came to help David until his army became very large. 78
12:23 The following is a record of the armed warriors who came with their leaders and joined David in Hebron in order to make David king in Saul’s place, in accordance with the Lord’s decree: 79
12:24 From Judah came 6,800 trained warriors carrying shields and spears. 80
12:25 From Simeon there were 7,100 warriors.
12:26 From Levi there were 4,600. 12:27 Jehoiada, the leader of Aaron’s descendants, brought 3,700 men with him, 12:28 along with Zadok, a young warrior, and twenty-two leaders from his family.
12:29 From Benjamin, Saul’s tribe, 81 there were 3,000, most of whom, up to that time, had been loyal to Saul. 82
12:30 From Ephraim there were 20,800 warriors, who had brought fame to their families. 83
12:31 From the half tribe of Manasseh there were 18,000 who had been designated by name to come and make David king.
12:32 From Issachar there were 200 leaders and all their relatives at their command – they understood the times and knew what Israel should do. 84
12:33 From Zebulun there were 50,000 warriors who were prepared for battle, equipped with all kinds of weapons, and ready to give their undivided loyalty. 85
12:34 From Naphtali there were 1,000 officers, along with 37,000 men carrying shields and spears.
12:35 From Dan there were 28,600 men prepared for battle.
12:36 From Asher there were 40,000 warriors prepared for battle.
12:37 From the other side of the Jordan, from Reuben, Gad, and the half tribe of Manasseh, there were 120,000 men armed with all kinds of weapons.
12:38 All these men were warriors who were ready to march. 86 They came to Hebron to make David king over all Israel by acclamation; 87 all the rest of the Israelites also were in agreement that David should become king. 88 12:39 They spent three days feasting 89 there with David, for their relatives had given them provisions. 12:40 Also their neighbors, from as far away as Issachar, Zebulun, and Naphtali, were bringing food on donkeys, camels, mules, and oxen. There were large supplies of flour, fig cakes, raisins, wine, olive oil, beef, and lamb, 90 for Israel was celebrating. 91
13:1 David consulted with his military officers, including those who led groups of a thousand and those who led groups of a hundred. 92 13:2 David said to the whole Israelite assembly, “If you so desire and the Lord our God approves, 93 let’s spread the word 94 to our brothers who remain in all the regions of Israel, and to the priests and Levites in their cities, 95 so they may join us. 13:3 Let’s move the ark of our God back here, 96 for we did not seek his will 97 throughout Saul’s reign.” 98 13:4 The whole assembly agreed to do this, 99 for the proposal seemed right to all the people. 100 13:5 So David assembled all Israel from the Shihor River 101 in Egypt to Lebo Hamath, 102 to bring the ark of God from Kiriath Jearim. 13:6 David and all Israel went up to Baalah (that is, Kiriath Jearim) in Judah to bring up from there the ark of God the Lord, who sits enthroned between the cherubim – the ark that is called by his name. 103
13:7 They transported the ark on a new cart from the house of Abinadab; Uzzah and Ahio were guiding the cart, 13:8 while David and all Israel were energetically 104 celebrating before God, singing and playing various stringed instruments, 105 tambourines, cymbals, and trumpets. 13:9 When they arrived at the threshing floor of Kidon, Uzzah reached out his hand to take hold of 106 the ark, because the oxen stumbled. 13:10 The Lord was so furious with Uzzah, 107 he killed him, because he reached out his hand and touched the ark. 108 He died right there before God. 109
13:11 David was angry because the Lord attacked Uzzah; 110 so he called that place Perez Uzzah, 111 which remains its name to this very day. 13:12 David was afraid of God that day and said, “How will I ever be able to bring the ark of God up here?” 13:13 So David did not move the ark to the City of David; 112 he left it in the house of Obed-Edom the Gittite. 13:14 The ark of God remained in Obed-Edom’s house for three months; the Lord blessed Obed-Edom’s family and everything that belonged to him.
14:1 King Hiram of Tyre 113 sent messengers to David, along with cedar logs, stonemasons, 114 and carpenters to build a palace for him. 14:2 David realized that the Lord had established him as king over Israel and that he had elevated 115 his kingdom for the sake of his people Israel.
14:3 In Jerusalem 116 David married 117 more wives and fathered more sons and daughters. 14:4 These are the names of children born to him in Jerusalem: Shammua, Shobab, Nathan, Solomon, 14:5 Ibhar, Elishua, Elpelet, 14:6 Nogah, Nepheg, Japhia, 14:7 Elishama, Beeliada, 118 and Eliphelet.
14:8 When the Philistines heard that David had been anointed 119 king of all Israel, all the Philistines marched up to confront him. 120 When David heard about it, he marched out against 121 them. 14:9 Now the Philistines had come and raided 122 the Valley of Rephaim. 14:10 David asked God, “Should I march up against the Philistines? Will you hand them over to me?” The Lord said to him, “March up! I will hand them over to you!” 14:11 So they marched against Baal Perazim and David defeated them there. David said, “Using me as his instrument, 123 God has burst out against my enemies like water bursts out.” So that place is called Baal Perazim. 124 14:12 The Philistines left 125 their idols 126 there, so David ordered that they be burned.
14:13 The Philistines again raided the valley. 14:14 So David again asked God what he should do. 127 This time 128 God told him, “Don’t march up after them; circle around them and come against them in front of the trees. 129 14:15 When you hear the sound of marching in the tops of the trees, then attack. 130 For at that moment the Lord is going before you to strike down the army 131 of the Philistines.” 14:16 David did just as God commanded him, and they struck down the Philistine army from Gibeon to Gezer.
14:17 So David became famous 132 in all the lands; the Lord caused all the nations to fear him. 133
15:1 David constructed buildings in the City of David; he then prepared a place for the ark of God and pitched a tent for it. 15:2 Then David said, “Only the Levites may carry the ark of God, for the Lord chose them to carry the ark of the Lord and to serve before him perpetually. 15:3 David assembled all Israel at Jerusalem 134 to bring the ark of the Lord up to the place he had prepared for it. 15:4 David gathered together the descendants of Aaron and the Levites:
15:5 From the descendants of Kohath: Uriel the leader and 120 of his relatives.
15:6 From the descendants of Merari: Asaiah the leader and 220 of his relatives.
15:7 From the descendants of Gershom: 135 Joel the leader and 130 of his relatives.
15:8 From the descendants of Elizaphan: Shemaiah the leader and 200 of his relatives.
15:9 From the descendants of Hebron: Eliel the leader and 80 of his relatives.
15:10 From the descendants of Uzziel: Amminadab the leader and 112 of his relatives.
15:11 David summoned the priests Zadok and Abiathar, along with the Levites Uriel, Asaiah, Joel, Shemaiah, Eliel, and Amminadab. 15:12 He told them: “You are the leaders of the Levites’ families. You and your relatives must consecrate yourselves and bring the ark of the Lord God of Israel up to the place I have prepared for it. 15:13 The first time you did not carry it; that is why the Lord God attacked us, because we did not ask him about the proper way to carry it.” 136 15:14 The priests and Levites consecrated themselves so they could bring up the ark of the Lord God of Israel. 15:15 The descendants of Levi carried the ark of God on their shoulders with poles, just as Moses had ordered according to the divine command.
15:16 David told the leaders of the Levites to appoint some of their relatives as musicians; they were to play various instruments, including stringed instruments and cymbals, and to sing loudly and joyfully. 137 15:17 So the Levites appointed Heman son of Joel; one of his relatives, Asaph son of Berechiah; one of the descendants of Merari, 138 Ethan son of Kushaiah; 15:18 along with some of their relatives who were second in rank, including Zechariah, 139 Jaaziel, Shemiramoth, Jehiel, Unni, Eliab, Benaiah, Maaseiah, Mattithiah, Eliphelehu, Mikneiah, Obed-Edom, and Jeiel, the gatekeepers.
15:19 The musicians Heman, Asaph, and Ethan were to sound the bronze cymbals; 15:20 Zechariah, Aziel, Shemiramoth, Jehiel, Unni, Eliab, Maaseiah, and Benaiah were to play the harps according to the alamoth style; 140 15:21 Mattithiah, Eliphelehu, Mikneiah, Obed-Edom, Jeiel, and Azaziah were to play the lyres according to the sheminith style, 141 as led by 142 the director; 15:22 Kenaniah, the leader of the Levites, was in charge of transport, for he was well-informed on this matter; 143 15:23 Berechiah and Elkanah were guardians 144 of the ark; 15:24 Shebaniah, Joshaphat, Nethanel, Amasai, Zechariah, Benaiah, and Eliezer the priests were to blow the trumpets before the ark of God; Obed-Edom and Jehiel were also guardians 145 of the ark.
15:25 So David, the leaders of Israel, and the commanders of units of a thousand went to bring up the ark of the Lord’s covenant from the house of Obed-Edom with celebration. 15:26 When God helped the Levites who were carrying the ark of the Lord’s covenant, they sacrificed seven bulls and seven rams. 15:27 David was wrapped in a linen robe, as were all the Levites carrying the ark, the musicians, and Kenaniah the supervisor of transport and the musicians; 146 David also wore a linen ephod. 147 15:28 All Israel brought up the ark of the Lord’s covenant; they were shouting, blowing trumpets, sounding cymbals, and playing stringed instruments. 15:29 As the ark of the Lord’s covenant entered the City of David, Michal, Saul’s daughter, looked out the window. When she saw King David jumping and celebrating, she despised him. 148
16:1 They brought the ark of God and put it in the middle of the tent David had pitched for it. Then they offered burnt sacrifices and peace offerings 149 before God. 16:2 When David finished offering burnt sacrifices and peace offerings, he pronounced a blessing over the people in the Lord’s name. 16:3 He then handed out to each Israelite man and woman a loaf of bread, a date cake, and a raisin cake. 16:4 He appointed some of the Levites to serve before the ark of the Lord, to offer prayers, songs of thanks, and hymns to the Lord God of Israel. 16:5 Asaph was the leader and Zechariah second in command, followed by Jeiel, Shemiramoth, Jehiel, Mattithiah, Eliab, Benaiah, Obed-Edom, and Jeiel. They were to play stringed instruments; Asaph was to sound the cymbals; 16:6 and the priests Benaiah and Jahaziel were to blow trumpets regularly before the ark of God’s covenant.
16:7 That day David first gave to Asaph and his colleagues this song of thanks to the Lord:
16:8 Give thanks to the Lord!
Call on his name!
Make known his accomplishments among the nations!
16:9 Sing to him! Make music to him!
Tell about all his miraculous deeds!
16:10 Boast about his holy name!
Let the hearts of those who seek the Lord rejoice!
16:11 Seek the Lord and the strength he gives!
Seek his presence 150 continually!
16:12 Recall the miraculous deeds he performed,
his mighty acts and the judgments he decreed, 151
16:13 O children 152 of Israel, God’s 153 servant,
you descendants of Jacob, God’s 154 chosen ones!
16:14 He is the Lord our God;
he carries out judgment throughout the earth. 155
16:15 Remember 156 continually his covenantal decree,
the promise he made 157 to a thousand generations –
16:16 the promise 158 he made to Abraham,
the promise he made by oath to Isaac! 159
16:17 He gave it to Jacob as a decree,
to Israel as a lasting promise, 160
16:18 saying, “To you I will give the land of Canaan
as the portion of your inheritance.”
16:19 When they were few in number,
just a very few, and foreign residents within it,
16:20 they wandered from nation to nation,
and from one kingdom to another. 161
16:21 He let no one oppress them,
he disciplined kings for their sake,
16:22 saying, 162 “Don’t touch my anointed ones!
Don’t harm my prophets!”
16:23 Sing to the Lord, all the earth!
Announce every day 163 how he delivers!
16:24 Tell the nations about his splendor,
tell 164 all the nations about his miraculous deeds!
16:25 For the Lord is great and certainly worthy of praise,
he is more awesome than 165 all gods.
16:26 For all the gods of the nations are worthless, 166
but the Lord made the heavens. 167
16:27 Majestic splendor emanates from him, 168
he is the source of strength and joy. 169
16:28 Ascribe to the Lord, O families of the nations,
ascribe to the Lord splendor and strength!
16:29 Ascribe to the Lord the splendor he deserves! 170
Bring an offering and enter his presence!
Worship the Lord in holy attire! 171
16:30 Tremble before him, all the earth!
The world is established, it cannot be moved.
16:31 Let the heavens rejoice, and the earth be happy!
Let the nations say, 172 ‘The Lord reigns!’
16:32 Let the sea and everything in it shout!
Let the fields and everything in them celebrate!
16:33 Then let the trees of the forest shout with joy before the Lord,
for he comes to judge the earth!
16:34 Give thanks to the Lord, for he is good
and his loyal love endures. 173
16:35 Say this prayer: 174 “Deliver us, O God who delivers us!
Gather us! Rescue us from the nations!
Then we will give thanks 175 to your holy name,
and boast about your praiseworthy deeds.” 176
16:36 May the Lord God of Israel be praised,
in the future and forevermore. 177
Then all the people said, “We agree! 178 Praise the Lord!”
16:37 David 179 left Asaph and his colleagues there before the ark of the Lord’s covenant to serve before the ark regularly and fulfill each day’s requirements, 180 16:38 including Obed-Edom and sixty-eight colleagues. Obed-Edom son of Jeduthun and Hosah were gatekeepers. 16:39 Zadok the priest and his fellow priests served 181 before the Lord’s tabernacle at the worship center 182 in Gibeon, 16:40 regularly offering burnt sacrifices to the Lord on the altar for burnt sacrifice, morning and evening, according to what is prescribed in the law of the Lord which he charged Israel to observe. 183 16:41 Joining them were Heman, Jeduthun, and the rest of those chosen and designated by name to give thanks to the Lord. (For his loyal love endures!) 184 16:42 Heman and Jeduthun were in charge of the music, including the trumpets, cymbals, and the other musical instruments used in praising God. The sons of Jeduthun guarded the entrance. 185
16:43 Then all the people returned to their homes, and David went to pronounce a blessing on his family. 186
17:1 When David had settled into his palace, 187 he 188 said to Nathan the prophet, “Look, I am living in a palace 189 made from cedar, while the ark of the Lord’s covenant is under a tent.” 190 17:2 Nathan said to David, “You should do whatever you have in mind, 191 for God is with you.”
17:3 That night God told Nathan the prophet, 192 17:4 “Go, tell my servant David: ‘This is what the Lord says: “You must not build me a house in which to live. 17:5 For I have not lived in a house from the time I brought Israel up from Egypt 193 to the present day. I have lived in a tent that has been in various places. 194 17:6 Wherever I moved throughout Israel, I did not say 195 to any of the leaders whom I appointed to care for my people Israel, 196 ‘Why have you not built me a house made from cedar?’”’
17:7 “So now, say this to my servant David: ‘This is what the Lord who commands armies 197 says: “I took you from the pasture and from your work as a shepherd 198 to make you a leader of my people Israel. 17:8 I was with you wherever you went and I defeated 199 all your enemies before you. Now I will make you as famous as the great men of the earth. 200 17:9 I will establish a place for my people Israel and settle 201 them there; they will live there and not be disturbed 202 anymore. Violent men will not oppress them again, as they did in the beginning 203 17:10 and during the time when I appointed judges to lead my people Israel. I will subdue all your enemies.
“‘“I declare to you that the Lord will build a dynastic house 204 for you! 17:11 When the time comes for you to die, 205 I will raise up your descendant, 206 one of your own sons, to succeed you, and I will establish his kingdom. 17:12 He will build me a house, and I will make his dynasty permanent. 207 17:13 I will become his father and he will become my son. I will never withhold my loyal love from him, as I withheld it from the one who ruled before you. 208 17:14 I will put him in permanent charge of my house and my kingdom; his dynasty will be permanent.”’” 209 17:15 Nathan told David all these words that were revealed to him. 210
17:16 David went in, sat before the Lord, and said: “Who am I, O Lord God, and what is my family, 211 that you should have brought me to this point? 17:17 And you did not stop there, O God! You have also spoken about the future of your servant’s family. 212 You have revealed to me what men long to know, 213 O Lord God. 17:18 What more can David say 214 to you? You have honored your servant; you have given your servant special recognition. 215 17:19 O Lord, for the sake of your servant and according to your will, 216 you have done this great thing in order to reveal your greatness. 217 17:20 O Lord, there is none like you; there is no God besides you! What we heard is true! 218 17:21 And who is like your people, Israel, a unique nation 219 in the earth? Their God 220 went to claim 221 a nation for himself! You made a name for yourself by doing great and awesome deeds 222 when you drove out 223 nations before your people whom you had delivered from the Egyptian empire and its gods. 224 17:22 You made Israel your very own nation for all time. 225 You, O Lord, became their God. 17:23 So now, O Lord, may the promise you made about your servant and his family become a permanent reality! 226 Do as you promised, 227 17:24 so 228 it may become a reality 229 and you may gain lasting fame, 230 as people say, 231 ‘The Lord who commands armies is the God of Israel.’ 232 David’s dynasty 233 will be established before you, 17:25 for you, my God, have revealed to your servant that you will build a dynasty 234 for him. That is why your servant has had the courage to pray to you. 235 17:26 Now, O Lord, you are the true God; 236 you have made this good promise to your servant. 237 17:27 Now you are willing to bless your servant’s dynasty 238 so that it may stand permanently before you, for you, O Lord, have blessed it and it will be blessed from now on into the future.” 239
18:1 Later David defeated the Philistines and subdued them. He took Gath and its surrounding towns 240 away from the Philistines. 241
18:2 He defeated the Moabites; the Moabites became David’s subjects and brought tribute. 242
18:3 David defeated King Hadadezer of Zobah as far as Hamath, when he went to extend his authority 243 to the Euphrates River. 244 18:4 David seized from him 1,000 chariots, 7,000 charioteers, 245 and 20,000 infantrymen. David cut the hamstrings of all but a hundred of Hadadezer’s 246 chariot horses. 247 18:5 The Arameans of Damascus came to help King Hadadezer of Zobah, but David killed 22,000 of the Arameans. 18:6 David placed garrisons in the territory of the Arameans of Damascus; 248 the Arameans became David’s subjects and brought tribute. The Lord protected 249 David wherever he campaigned. 250 18:7 David took the golden shields which Hadadezer’s servants had carried 251 and brought them to Jerusalem. 252 18:8 From Tibhath 253 and Kun, 254 Hadadezer’s cities, David took a great deal of bronze. (Solomon used it to make the big bronze basin called “The Sea,” 255 the pillars, and other bronze items.
18:9 When King Tou 256 of Hamath heard that David had defeated the entire army of King Hadadezer of Zobah, 18:10 he sent his son Hadoram 257 to King David to extend his best wishes 258 and to pronounce a blessing on him for his victory over Hadadezer, for Tou had been at war with Hadadezer. 259 He also sent various items made of gold, silver, and bronze. 260 18:11 King David dedicated these things to the Lord, 261 along with the silver and gold which he had carried off from all the nations, including 262 Edom, 263 Moab, the Ammonites, the Philistines, and Amalek.
18:12 Abishai son of Zeruiah 264 killed 18,000 Edomites in the Valley of Salt. 18:13 He placed garrisons in Edom, and all the Edomites became David’s subjects. The Lord protected 265 David wherever he campaigned. 266
18:14 David reigned over all Israel; he guaranteed justice for all his people. 267 18:15 Joab son of Zeruiah was commanding general of 268 the army; Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud was secretary; 18:16 Zadok son of Ahitub and Abimelech son of Abiathar were priests; Shavsha 269 was scribe; 18:17 Benaiah son of Jehoiada supervised 270 the Kerethites and Pelethites; and David’s sons were the king’s leading officials. 271
19:1 Later King Nahash of the Ammonites died and his son succeeded him. 19:2 David said, “I will express my loyalty 272 to Hanun son of Nahash, for his father was loyal 273 to me.” So David sent messengers to express his sympathy over his father’s death. 274 When David’s servants entered Ammonite territory to visit Hanun and express the king’s sympathy, 275 19:3 the Ammonite officials said to Hanun, “Do you really think David is trying to honor your father by sending these messengers to express his sympathy? 276 No, his servants have come to you so they can get information and spy out the land!” 277 19:4 So Hanun seized David’s servants and shaved their beards off. 278 He cut off the lower part of their robes so that their buttocks were exposed 279 and then sent them away. 19:5 Messengers 280 came and told David what had happened to the men, so he summoned them, for the men were thoroughly humiliated. The king said, “Stay in Jericho 281 until your beards grow again; then you may come back.”
19:6 When the Ammonites realized that David was disgusted with them, 282 Hanun and the Ammonites sent 1,000 talents 283 of silver to hire chariots and charioteers from Aram Naharaim, Aram Maacah, and Zobah. 284 19:7 They hired 32,000 chariots, along with the king of Maacah and his army, who came and camped in front of Medeba. The Ammonites also assembled from their cities and marched out to do battle.
19:8 When David heard the news, he sent Joab and the entire army to meet them. 285 19:9 The Ammonites marched out and were deployed for battle at the entrance to the city, while the kings who had come were by themselves in the field. 19:10 When Joab saw that the battle would be fought on two fronts, he chose some of Israel’s best men and deployed them against the Arameans. 286 19:11 He put his brother Abishai in charge of the rest of the army and they were deployed against the Ammonites. 19:12 Joab 287 said, “If the Arameans start to overpower me, 288 you come to my rescue. If the Ammonites start to overpower you, 289 I will come to your rescue. 19:13 Be strong! Let’s fight bravely for the sake of our people and the cities of our God! The Lord will do what he decides is best!” 290 19:14 So Joab and his men 291 marched toward the Arameans to do battle, and they fled before him. 19:15 When the Ammonites saw the Arameans flee, they fled before Joab’s 292 brother Abishai and withdrew into the city. Joab went back to Jerusalem. 293
19:16 When the Arameans realized they had been defeated by Israel, they sent for reinforcements from beyond the Euphrates River, 294 led by Shophach the commanding general of Hadadezer’s army. 295 19:17 When David was informed, he gathered all Israel, crossed the Jordan River, 296 and marched against them. 297 David deployed his army against the Arameans for battle and they fought against him. 298 19:18 The Arameans fled before Israel. David killed 7,000 299 Aramean charioteers and 40,000 infantrymen; he also killed Shophach 300 the commanding general. 19:19 When Hadadezer’s subjects saw they were defeated by Israel, they made peace with David and became his subjects. The Arameans were no longer willing to help the Ammonites.
20:1 In the spring, at the time when kings normally conduct wars, 301 Joab led the army into battle and devastated the land of the Ammonites. He went and besieged Rabbah, while David stayed in Jerusalem. Joab defeated Rabbah and tore it down. 20:2 David took the crown from the head of their king 302 and wore it 303 (its weight was a talent 304 of gold and it was set with precious stones). He took a large amount of plunder from the city. 20:3 He removed the city’s residents and made them do hard labor with saws, iron picks, and axes. 305 This was his policy 306 with all the Ammonite cities. Then David and all the army returned to Jerusalem.
20:4 Later there was a battle 307 with the Philistines in Gezer. 308 At that time Sibbekai the Hushathite killed Sippai, 309 one of the descendants of the Rephaim, and the Philistines 310 were subdued.
20:5 There was another battle with the Philistines in which Elhanan son of Jair the Bethlehemite killed the brother of Goliath the Gittite, 311 whose spear had a shaft as big as the crossbeam of a weaver’s loom. 312
20:6 In a battle in Gath 313 there was a large man who had six fingers on each hand and six toes on each foot – twenty-four in all! He too was a descendant of Rapha. 20:7 When he taunted Israel, Jonathan son of Shimea, 314 David’s brother, killed him.
20:8 These were the descendants of Rapha who lived in Gath; they were killed 315 by the hand of David and his soldiers. 316
[11:1] 1 tn Heb “look, your bone and your flesh [are] we.”
[11:2] 2 tn Heb “you were the one who led out and the one who brought in Israel.”
[11:3] 5 tn Or “They poured olive oil on David to designate him as king.”
[11:3] 6 tn Heb “according to the word of the
[11:4] 8 sn Jebus was an older name for the city of Jerusalem (cf. Josh 15:8; Judg 1:21).
[11:4] map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[11:4] 9 tn Heb “and there [were] the Jebusites, the inhabitants of the land.”
[11:6] 10 sn Verse 6 inserts into the narrative parenthetical information about Joab’s role in the conquest of the city. Verse 7 then picks up where v. 5 left off.
[11:6] 11 tn Or perhaps “strikes down.”
[11:6] 12 tn Heb “head and officer.”
[11:8] 15 tn Heb “to that which surrounds.” On the referent here as “the surrounding walls,” see HALOT 740 s.v. סָבִיב.
[11:9] 16 tn Heb “and David went, going and becoming great, and the
[11:10] 17 tn Heb “and these were the heads of the warriors who were David’s, who held strongly with him in his kingdom and with all Israel to make him king, according to the word of the
[11:11] 18 tn Heb “and these are the number of the warriors who were David’s.”
[11:11] 19 tc The marginal reading (Qere) has “officers;” the consonantal text (Kethib) has “the Thirty” (see v. 15).
[11:11] 20 tn Heb “he was wielding his spear against 300, [who were] slain at one time.”
[11:12] 21 tn Heb “after him.”
[11:13] 22 tc Some read here “Ephes Dammim.” See 1 Sam 17:1.
[11:14] 23 tn Heb “delivered it.”
[11:14] 24 tn Heb “and the
[11:16] 25 map For location see Map5 B1; Map7 E2; Map8 E2; Map10 B4.
[11:17] 26 tn Heb “Who will give me water to drink?” On the rhetorical use of מִי (mi) here, see BDB 566 s.v. f.
[11:18] 27 tn Heb “the three,” referring to the three elite warriors mentioned in v. 12.
[11:19] 28 tn Heb “Far be it to me from my God from doing this.”
[11:19] 29 tn Heb “with their lives.” The same expression occurs later in this verse.
[11:19] 30 tn Heb “These things the three warriors did.”
[11:20] 31 tc The Syriac reads “thirty” here and at the beginning of v. 21; this reading is followed by some English translations (cf. NAB, NASB, NRSV, NLT).
[11:20] 32 tn Heb “he was wielding his spear against three hundred, [who were] slain.”
[11:20] 33 tn Heb “and to him [reading with the Qere] there was a name among the three.”
[11:21] 35 tn Heb “of the three.”
[11:22] 36 tc Heb “the two of Ariel, Moab.” The precise meaning of אֲרִיאֵל (’ari’el) is uncertain; some read “warrior.” The present translation assumes that the word is a proper name and that בְּנֵי (bÿney, “sons of”) has accidentally dropped from the text by homoioarcton (note the preceding שְׁנֵי, shÿney).
[11:23] 37 tn Heb “five cubits.” Assuming a length of 18 inches for the standard cubit, this individual would be 7.5 feet (2.3 m) tall.
[11:23] 38 tn Heb “went down to.”
[11:26] 40 map For location see Map5 B1; Map7 E2; Map8 E2; Map10 B4.
[11:27] 41 tn The parallel text of 2 Sam 23:25 has the variant spelling of “Shammah.”
[11:27] 42 tn The parallel text of 2 Sam 23:26 has the variant spelling of “Paltite.”
[11:29] 43 tn In 2 Sam 23:27 this individual’s name is given as “Mebunnai.”
[11:29] 44 tn The parallel text of 2 Sam 23:28 has the variant “Zalmon.”
[11:31] 45 tn The parallel text of 2 Sam 23:29 has the variant spelling “Ittai.”
[11:32] 46 tn The parallel text of 2 Sam 23:28 has the variant spelling “Hiddai.”
[11:32] 47 tn The parallel text of 2 Sam 23:31 has the variant spelling “Abi-Albon.”
[11:33] 48 tn The parallel text of 2 Sam 23:31 has the variant spelling “Barhumite.”
[11:34] 49 tn In 2 Sam 23:32 this individual’s name is given as “Jashen.”
[11:34] 50 tn The parallel text of 2 Sam 23:33 has the variant spelling “Shammah.”
[11:35] 51 tn In 2 Sam 23:33 this individual’s name is given as “Sharar.”
[11:35] 52 tn The parallel text of 2 Sam 23:34 has the variant “Eliphelet son of Ahasbai the Maacathite.”
[11:37] 53 tn The parallel text of 2 Sam 23:35 has the variant spelling “Hezrai.”
[11:38] 54 tn The parallel text of 2 Sam 23:36 has the variant “Igal son of Nathan from Zobah.”
[12:2] 56 tn Heb “ones armed with bow[s], using the right hand and the left hand with stones and with arrows with the bow, from the brothers of Saul from Benjamin.”
[12:2] 57 tn The words “These were” have been supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons, because of the length of the intervening material since the beginning of the verse.
[12:4] 58 sn In the Hebrew text (BHS) a verse division occurs at this point, and for the remainder of the chapter the verse numbers of the Hebrew Bible differ by one from the English Bible. Thus 1 Chr 12:4b ET = 12:5 HT, and 12:5-40 ET = 12:6-41 HT. Beginning with 13:1 the verse numbers in the ET and HT are again the same.
[12:8] 59 tn Heb “warriors, men of battle for war, prepared with shield and spear, and [like] the face of a lion were their faces, and like gazelles on the hills to hurry.”
[12:14] 60 tn Heb “one for a hundred the small, and the great for a thousand.” Another option is to translate the preposition -לְ (lamed) as “against” and to understand this as a hyperbolic reference to their prowess: “the least could stand against a hundred, the greatest against a thousand.”
[12:15] 61 tn The word “River” is not in the Hebrew text, but has been supplied for clarity.
[12:15] 62 sn That is, March-April.
[12:15] 63 tn Heb “and they chased all the valleys to the east and to the west.”
[12:17] 64 tn Heb “and David went out before them and answered and said to them.”
[12:17] 65 tn Heb “there will be to me concerning you a heart for unity.”
[12:17] 66 tn Heb “with no violence in my hands.”
[12:18] 68 tn Perhaps “the Spirit,” but the text has simply רוּחַ (ruakh) with no article (suggesting an indefinite reference).
[12:18] 70 tn The words “and he said” are supplied in the translation for clarity and for stylistic reasons.
[12:18] 72 tn Heb “Peace, peace to you.” The Hebrew term שָׁלוֹם (shalom, “peace”) is repeated to emphasize degree.
[12:18] 73 tn Heb “and peace to the one who helps you.”
[12:19] 75 tn Heb “fell upon,” here in a good sense.
[12:19] 76 tn Heb “and they did not help them for by counsel they sent him away, the lords of the Philistines, saying, ‘With our heads he will fall to his master Saul.’”
[12:20] 77 tn Heb “he”; the referent (David) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[12:22] 78 tn Heb “for at the time of day in a day they were coming to David to help him until [there was] a great camp like the camp of God.” The term אֱלֹהִים (’elohim, “God”) is probably used idiomatically here to indicate the superlative.
[12:23] 79 tn Heb “these are the numbers of the heads of the forces armed for battle [who] came to David in Hebron to turn over the kingdom of Saul to him according to the mouth of the
[12:24] 80 tn Heb “the sons of Judah, carrying shield and spear, [were] 6,800 armed for battle.”
[12:29] 81 tn Heb “from the sons of Benjamin, the brothers of Saul.”
[12:29] 82 tn Heb “and until then, the majority of them were keeping the charge of the house of Saul.”
[12:30] 83 tn Heb “men of names for the house of their fathers.”
[12:32] 84 tn Heb “from the sons of Issachar, knowers of understanding for times to know what Israel should do, their heads [were] 200, and all their brothers according to their mouth.”
[12:33] 85 tn Heb “from Zebulun, those going out for battle, prepared for war with all weapons of war, 50,000, and to help without a heart and a heart.”
[12:38] 86 tc Heb “all these [were] men of war, helpers of the battle line.” The present translation assumes an emendation of עֹדְרֵי (’odÿrey, “helpers of”) to עֹרְכֵי, (’orÿkhey, “prepared for”).
[12:38] 87 tn Heb “with a complete heart they came to Hebron to make David king over all Israel.”
[12:38] 88 tn Heb “and also all the rest of Israel [was of] one mind to make David king.”
[12:39] 89 tn Heb “eating and drinking.”
[12:40] 90 tn Heb “cattle and sheep.”
[12:40] 91 tn Heb “for there was joy in Israel.”
[13:1] 92 tn Heb “and David consulted with the officers of thousands and hundreds, to every ruler.”
[13:2] 93 tn Heb “If to you [it is] good and from the
[13:2] 94 tn Heb “let us spread and let us send.” The words “the word” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
[13:2] 95 tn Heb “in the cities of their pasturelands.”
[13:3] 97 tn Heb “him.” In this case, seeking God’s will is what is implied.
[13:3] 98 tn Heb “in the days of Saul.”
[13:4] 99 tn Heb “all the assembly said to do so.”
[13:4] 100 tn Heb “for right was the word in the eyes of all the people.”
[13:5] 101 tn The word “River” is not in the Hebrew text, but has been supplied for clarity.
[13:5] sn The Shihor River was a river on the border of Egypt, probably the eastern branch of the Nile.
[13:5] 102 tn Or “the entrance to Hamath.”
[13:6] 103 tn Heb “the ark of God the
[13:8] 104 tn Heb “with all strength.”
[13:8] 105 tn Heb “with songs and with zithers [meaning uncertain] and with harps.” Due to the collocation with “harps,” some type of stringed instrument is probably in view.
[13:10] 107 tn Heb “and the anger of the
[13:10] 108 tn Heb “because he stretched out his hand over the ark.”
[13:10] 109 sn The modern reader might think God seemed to overreact here, but Israel needed a vivid object lesson of God’s holiness. By loading the ark on a cart, David had violated the instructions in God’s law (Exod 25:12-14; Num 4:5-6, 15). Uzzah’s action, however innocent it may seem, betrayed a certain lack of reverence for God’s presence. God had to remind his people that his holiness could not under any circumstances be violated.
[13:11] 110 tn Heb “because the
[13:11] 111 sn The name Perez Uzzah means in Hebrew “the outburst [against] Uzzah.”
[13:13] 112 sn The phrase the City of David refers here to the fortress of Zion in Jerusalem, not to Bethlehem. See 2 Sam 5:7.
[14:1] 113 map For location see Map1 A2; Map2 G2; Map4 A1; JP3 F3; JP4 F3.
[14:1] 114 tn Heb “craftsman of a wall,” that is, masons skilled at building stone walls.
[14:2] 115 tn Heb “was lifted upwards.”
[14:3] 116 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[14:7] 118 tn In 1 Chr 3:8 and 2 Sam 5:16 this name appears as “Eliada.” The form here represents a variant spelling of the name.
[14:8] 119 tn Or “designated”; NCV “had been made king”; CEV “had become king.”
[14:8] 120 tn Heb “to seek David.”
[14:8] 121 tn Heb “went out before.”
[14:11] 123 tn Heb “by my hand.”
[14:11] 124 sn The name Baal Perazim means “Lord of outbursts” in Hebrew.
[14:12] 125 tn Heb “abandoned.”
[14:14] 127 tn Heb “and David again asked God.”
[14:14] 128 tn The words “this time” are not in the Hebrew text.
[14:14] 129 tn The Hebrew word translated “trees” is defined by HALOT 129 s.v. בָּכָא as “shrubs.” Some translate “balsam trees” (see BDB 113 s.v. בָּכָא), cf. NASB, NIV, NRSV, NLT.
[14:15] 130 tn Heb “go out in battle.”
[14:17] 132 tn Heb “the name of David went out.”
[14:17] 133 tn Heb “and the
[15:3] 134 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[15:7] 135 sn Gershom is a variant spelling of the name Gershon.
[15:13] 136 tn Heb “because for what was at first [i.e., formerly] you [were] not, the
[15:16] 137 tn Heb “causing to be heard to lift up with a voice of joy.”
[15:17] 138 tn The Hebrew text adds, “their brothers.”
[15:18] 139 tc The Hebrew text adds בֶּן (ben, “son”) here; the word is omitted in three Hebrew
[15:20] 140 tn The meaning of the Hebrew word עֲלָמוֹת (’alamot) is uncertain; perhaps it refers to a particular style of music. See HALOT 835-36 s.v. עַלְמָה.
[15:21] 141 tn The meaning of the Hebrew word שְׁמִינִית (shÿminit) is uncertain; perhaps it refers to a particular style of music. See HALOT 1562 s.v. שְׁמִינֹי.
[15:21] 142 tn Heb “for” or “according to.”
[15:22] 143 tn Heb “and Kenaniah, the leader of the Levites, with lifting up, supervising with lifting up, for he was well-informed.” The precise nuance of מַשָּׂא (masa’, “lifting up”) is unclear. Some understand it as a reference to supervising the singing and music (e.g., NIV: “Kenaniah…was in charge of the singing”; NEB: “Kenaniah…was precentor in charge of the music”).
[15:23] 144 tn Heb “gatekeepers.”
[15:24] 145 tn Heb “gatekeepers.”
[15:27] 146 tn Heb “the leader, the lifting up, the musicians.” See also the note on the word “matter” in v. 22.
[15:27] 147 sn An ephod was a priestly garment worn over the robe.
[15:29] 148 tn The Hebrew text adds “in her heart.”
[16:1] 149 tn Or “tokens of peace”; NIV “fellowship offerings.”
[16:12] 151 tn Heb “and the judgments of his mouth.”
[16:13] 153 tn Heb “his”; the referent (God) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[16:13] 154 tn Heb “his”; the referent (God) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[16:14] 155 tn Heb “in all the earth [are] his judgments.”
[16:15] 156 tn The Hebrew text has a masculine plural imperative, addressed to the people. Some LXX
[16:15] 157 tn Heb “[the] word he commanded.” The text refers here to God’s unconditional covenantal promise to Abraham and the patriarchs, as vv. 16-18 make clear.
[16:16] 159 tn Heb “his oath to Isaac.”
[16:17] 160 tn Or “eternal covenant.”
[16:20] 161 tn Heb “and from a kingdom to another nation.”
[16:22] 162 tn The word “saying” is supplied in the translation for clarification and for stylistic reasons.
[16:23] 163 tn Heb “from day to day.”
[16:24] 164 tn The verb “tell” is understood by ellipsis (note the preceding line).
[16:25] 165 tn Or “feared above.”
[16:26] 166 tn The Hebrew word אֱלִילִים (’elilim, “worthless”) sounds like אֱלֹהִים (’elohim, “gods”). The sound play draws attention to the statement. Many modern English translations render this term as “idols” here.
[16:26] 167 tn Or “the sky” (also in v. 31). The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) may be translated “heaven(s)” or “sky” depending on the context.
[16:27] 168 tn Heb “majesty and splendor [are] before him.”
[16:27] 169 tn Heb “strength and joy [are] in his place.”
[16:29] 170 tn Heb “the splendor of [i.e., due] his name.”
[16:29] 171 tn Or “in holy splendor.”
[16:31] 172 tn Heb “let them say among the nations.”
[16:34] 173 tn Or “is eternal.”
[16:35] 174 tn The words “this prayer” are supplied in the translation for clarity and for stylistic reasons.
[16:35] 175 tn Heb “to give thanks.” The infinitive construct indicates result after the imperative.
[16:35] 176 tn Heb “to boast in your praise.”
[16:36] 177 tn Heb “from everlasting to everlasting.”
[16:36] 178 tn This is the Hebrew term אָמֵן (’amen, “surely”), traditionally transliterated “amen.”
[16:37] 179 tn Heb “he”; the referent (David) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[16:37] 180 tn Heb “according to the matter of the day in its day.”
[16:39] 181 tn The word “served” is supplied in the translation for clarity and for stylistic reasons.
[16:39] 182 tn Or “high place.”
[16:40] 183 tn Heb “which he commanded Israel.”
[16:41] 184 tn Perhaps this refers to the refrain of their songs of praise (see Ps 136). In this case one could translate, “to give thanks to the
[16:42] 185 tn Heb “and with them, Heman and Jeduthun, trumpets and cymbals for sounding, and the instrument of song of God, and the sons of Jeduthun [were] at the gate.”
[16:43] 186 tn Heb “to bless his house.” Elsewhere when “house” is the object of “bless,” it refers to a household or family. See, for example, 1 Chr 13:14; 17:27. However, since בֵּית (bet, “house”) refers to a literal house or home earlier in the verse and to David’s palace in 17:1, one might translate here, “David went to pronounce a blessing on [i.e., dedicate] his house [i.e., palace].”
[17:1] 188 tn Heb “David.” The pronoun “he” has been used in the translation here to avoid redundancy in keeping with contemporary English style.
[17:1] 190 tn Heb “tent curtains.”
[17:2] 191 tn Heb “all which is in your heart.”
[17:3] 192 tn Heb “the word of God was [i.e., came] to Nathan the prophet.”
[17:5] 193 tn The words “from Egypt” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
[17:5] 194 tc Heb “and I was from tent to tent and from tabernacle.” The words אֶל־מִשְּׁכָּן (’el-mishÿkan, “to tabernacle”) should probably be added at the end of the sentence to complete this prepositional phrase and produce symmetry with the preceding prepositional phrase. The words probably fell from the text by homoioteleuton.
[17:5] sn I have lived in a tent that has been in various places. The point here is that the Lord moved with the tabernacle as it moved from place to place; he did not confine himself to a particular location.
[17:6] 195 tn In the Hebrew text the statement is phrased as a rhetorical question (“Did I say?”) meaning “I did not say.”
[17:6] 196 tn Heb “to one of the judges of Israel whom I commanded to shepherd my people.”
[17:7] 197 tn Traditionally, “
[17:7] 198 tn Heb “and from after sheep.”
[17:8] 200 tn Heb “and I will make for you a name like the name of the great men who are in the earth.”
[17:9] 203 tn Heb “and sons of violence will no longer consume them as in the beginning.”
[17:10] 204 tn Here the word “house” is used in a metaphorical sense, referring to a royal dynasty. The
[17:11] 205 tn Heb “and it will be when your days are full to go with your ancestors.”
[17:11] 206 tn Heb “your seed.”
[17:12] 207 tn Heb “and I will establish his throne permanently.”
[17:13] 208 sn The one who ruled before you is a reference to Saul, from whom the kingdom was taken and given to David.
[17:14] 209 tn Heb “and his throne will be established permanently.”
[17:15] 210 tn Heb “according to all these words and according to all this revelation, so Nathan said to David.”
[17:17] 212 tn Heb “and this was small in your eyes, O God, so you spoke concerning the house of your servant for a distance.”
[17:17] 213 tn The translation “You have revealed to me what men long to know” is very tentative; the meaning of the Hebrew text is unclear. The text appears to read literally, “and you see me like the searching of man, that which is upward,” which is nonsensical. The translation above assumes the following: (1) The Qal verb translated “you see me” is repointed as a Hiphil, “you showed me,” (2) תּוֹר (tor) is understood in the sense of “searching, exploring,” and (3) הַמַּעֲלָה (hamma’alah) is taken in a temporal sense of “that which lies beyond.” Thus one could translate, “you have shown me what men search for, what lies beyond.”
[17:18] 214 tn The word “say” is supplied in the translation for clarification.
[17:18] 215 tn Heb “for honoring your servant, and you, your servant, know.”
[17:19] 217 tn Heb “to make known all the great deeds.”
[17:20] 218 tn The Hebrew text reads literally, “in all which we heard with our ears,” but בְּכֹל (bÿkhol, “in all”) should probably be emended to כְּכֹל (kÿkhol, “according to all”).
[17:21] 219 tn Heb “a nation, one.”
[17:21] 220 tn Heb “whose God,” or “because God.” In the Hebrew text this clause is subordinated to what precedes. The clauses are separated in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[17:21] 221 tn Heb “redeem” or “deliver.”
[17:21] 222 tn Heb “to make for yourself a name [with] great and awesome [deeds].”
[17:21] 223 tn Heb “to drive out.”
[17:21] 224 tn Heb “from Egypt, nations.” The parallel text in 2 Sam 7:23 reads “from Egypt, nations and its gods.”
[17:22] 225 tn Heb “and you made your people Israel your own for a people permanently.”
[17:23] 226 tn Heb “and now, O
[17:23] 227 tn Heb “as you have spoken.”
[17:24] 228 tn Following the imperative in v. 23b, the prefixed verbal form with vav (ו) conjunctive indicates purpose/result: “so it might become a reality.”
[17:24] 229 tn Heb “so it might be established.”
[17:24] 230 tn Heb “and your name might be great permanently.” Following the imperative in v. 23b, the prefixed verbal form with vav conjunctive indicates purpose/result (parallel to the previous purpose/result clause): “[so]…you might gain lasting fame.”
[17:24] 231 tn Heb “saying.” The words “as people” are supplied in the translation for clarification and for stylistic reasons.
[17:24] 232 tc Heb “the
[17:24] 233 tn Heb “the house of David.”
[17:25] 235 tn Heb “That is why your servant found to pray before you.” Perhaps the phrase אֶת לִבּוֹ (’et libbo, “his heart”) should be supplied as the object of the verb “found.”
[17:26] 236 tn Heb “the God.” The article indicates uniqueness here.
[17:26] 237 tn Heb “and you have spoken to your servant this good thing.”
[17:27] 239 tn Heb “for you, O
[18:1] 240 tn 2 Sam 8:1 identifies this region as “Metheg Ammah.”
[18:1] 241 tn Heb “from the hand of the Philistines.” Here “hand” is figurative language for “control.”
[18:2] 242 tn Heb “and the Moabites were servants of David, carriers of tribute.”
[18:3] 244 tn Heb “when he went to set up his hand at the Euphrates River.” The Hebrew word יָד (yad, “hand”) is usually understood to mean “control” or “dominion” here. However, since יָד does occasionally refer to a monument, perhaps one could translate, “to set up his monument at the Euphrates River” (i.e., as a visible marker of the limits of his dominion). For another example of the Hiphil of נָצַב (natsav) used with יָד (“monument”), see 1 Sam 15:12.
[18:4] 246 tn Heb “his”; the referent (Hadadezer) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[18:4] 247 tn Heb “and David cut the hamstrings of all the chariot horses, and he left from them one hundred chariot horses.”
[18:6] 248 tc Heb “and David placed in Aram of Damascus.” The object נְצִיבִים (nÿtsivim, “garrisons”) appears to have been accidentally omitted from the text. See v. 13, as well as the parallel passage in 2 Sam 8:6, which includes it.
[18:6] 250 tn Or “wherever he went.”
[18:7] 251 tn Heb “which were upon the servants of Hadadezer.”
[18:7] 252 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[18:8] 253 tn The MT reads “Tibhath” here, a variant name for Tebah (cf. 2 Sam 8:8). Some English translations substitute the other version of the name here (e.g., NIV, NLT), while others follow the reading of the Hebrew text at this point (e.g., NAB, NASB, NRSV).
[18:8] 254 tn The parallel text of 2 Sam 8:8 has the variant name “Berothai.”
[18:8] 255 tn Heb “the sea of bronze,” or “[the] sea, the bronze one.” See the note at 1 Kgs 7:23.
[18:9] 256 tn The name is spelled “Toi” in the parallel text in 2 Sam 8:9.
[18:10] 257 tn The name is spelled “Joram” in the parallel text in 2 Sam 8:10.
[18:10] 258 tn Heb “to ask concerning him for peace.”
[18:10] 259 tn Heb “and to bless him because he fought with Hadadezer and defeated him, for Hadadezer was a man of battles with Tou.”
[18:10] 260 tn Heb “[along with] all items of gold and silver and bronze.”
[18:11] 261 tn Heb “also them King David made holy to the
[18:11] 263 tc The parallel text of 2 Sam 8:12 of the MT reads “Aram.” However, a few Hebrew
[18:12] 264 tn The parallel text of 2 Sam 8:13 attributes this victory to David.
[18:13] 265 tn Or “delivered.”
[18:13] 266 tn Or “wherever he went.”
[18:14] 267 tn Heb “and he was doing what is just and fair for all his people.”
[18:16] 269 tn The parallel text of 2 Sam 8:17 has the variant spelling “Seraiah.”
[18:17] 270 tn Heb “[was] over.”
[18:17] 271 tn Heb “and the sons of David [were] the heads at the hand of David.” The parallel text of 2 Sam 8:18 identifies them as “priests” (see sn there on the word “priests”).
[19:2] 272 tn Heb “do loyalty.”
[19:2] 273 tn Heb “did loyalty.”
[19:2] 274 tn Heb “to console him concerning his father.”
[19:2] 275 tn Heb “and the servants of David came to the land of the sons of Ammon to Hanun to console him.”
[19:3] 276 tn Heb “Is David honoring your father in your eyes when he sends to you ones consoling?”
[19:3] 277 tc Heb “Is it not to explore and to overturn and to spy out the land (that) his servants have come to you?” The Hebrew term לַהֲפֹךְ (lahafakh, “to overturn”) seems misplaced in the sequence. Some emend the form to לַחְפֹּר (lakhpor, “to spy out”). The sequence of three infinitives may be a conflation of alternative readings.
[19:4] 278 tn Heb “shaved them.” See v. 5.
[19:4] 279 tn Heb “and he cut their robes in the middle unto the buttocks.”
[19:5] 280 tn Heb “they.” The logical referent, though not specified in the Hebrew text, has been supplied in the translation for clarity.
[19:5] 281 map For location see Map5 B2; Map6 E1; Map7 E1; Map8 E3; Map10 A2; Map11 A1.
[19:6] 282 tn Heb “that they were a stench [i.e., disgusting] with David.”
[19:6] 283 tn The Hebrew word כִּכַּר (kikar, “circle”) refers generally to something that is round. When used of metals it can refer to a disk-shaped weight made of the metal or, by extension, to a standard unit of weight. According to the older (Babylonian) standard the “talent” weighed 130 lbs. (58.9 kg), but later this was lowered to 108.3 lbs. (49.1 kg). More recent research suggests the “light” standard talent was 67.3 lbs. (30.6 kg). Using this as the standard for calculation, the Ammonites hired chariots and charioteers for about 33.7 tons (30,600 kg) of silver.
[19:6] 284 tn The parallel text of 2 Sam 10:6 has “Aram Beth Rehob and Aram Zobah.”
[19:8] 285 tn The words “the news” and “to meet them” are added in the translation for stylistic reasons and for clarification.
[19:10] 286 tc The parallel text of 2 Sam 10:10 has “the Ammonites” in place of “the Arameans” here.
[19:10] tn Heb “and Joab saw that the face of the battle was to him before and behind and he chose from all the best in Israel and arranged to meet Aram.”
[19:12] 287 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Joab) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[19:12] 288 tn Heb “if Aram is stronger than me.”
[19:12] 289 tn Heb “if the sons of Ammon are stronger than you.”
[19:13] 290 tn Heb “and the
[19:14] 291 tn Heb “and the army which was with him.”
[19:15] 292 tn Heb “his”; the referent (Joab) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[19:15] 293 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[19:16] 294 tn Heb “the River,” referring to the Euphrates. This has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[19:16] 295 tn Heb “and Aram saw that they were struck down before Israel and they sent messengers and brought out Aram which is beyond the River, and Shophach the commander of the army of Hadadezer [was] before them.”
[19:17] 296 tn The word “River” is not in the Hebrew text, but has been supplied in the translation for clarity.
[19:17] 297 tc The parallel text of 2 Sam 10:17 “he came to Helam.”
[19:17] tn Heb “and he came to them and was deployed against them.”
[19:17] 298 tn Heb “and David was deployed to meet Aram [for] battle and they fought with him.”
[19:18] 299 tc The parallel text of 2 Sam 10:18 has “seven hundred.”
[19:18] 300 tn The parallel text of 2 Sam 10:18 has the variant spelling “Shobach.”
[20:1] 301 tn Heb “and it was at the time of the turning of the year, at the time of the going out of kings.”
[20:2] 302 tc The translation follows the MT, which reads “of their king”; the LXX and Vulgate read “of Milcom” (cf. 1 Kgs 11:5). Milcom, also known as Molech, was the god of the Ammonites.
[20:2] 303 tn Heb “and it was on the head of David.”
[20:2] 304 sn See the note on the word “talents” in 19:6.
[20:3] 305 tc The Hebrew text reads “saws,” but since saws were just mentioned, it is preferable to emend מְגֵרוֹת (mÿgerot, “saws”) to מַגְזְרוֹת (magzÿrot, “axes”).
[20:3] 306 tn Heb “and so he would do.”
[20:4] 307 tn Heb “battle stood.”
[20:4] 308 tn The parallel text in 2 Sam 21:18 identifies this site as “Gob.”
[20:4] 309 tn The parallel text in 2 Sam 21:18 has the variant spelling “Saph.”
[20:4] 310 tn Heb “they”; the referent (the Philistines) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[20:5] 311 tc The Hebrew text reads, “Elchanan son of Jair killed Lachmi the brother of Goliath the Gittite.” But it is likely that the accusative marker in front of לַחְמִי (lakhmiy, “Lachmi”) is a corruption of בֵּית (bet), and that אֶת־לַחְמִי (’et-lakhmiy) should be emended to בֵּית הַלַּחְמִי (bet hallakhmiy, “the Bethlehemite”). See 2 Sam 21:19.
[20:5] 312 tc See tc note on the parallel passage in 2 Sam 21:19.
[20:6] 313 tn Heb “and there was another battle, in Gath.”
[20:7] 314 tn The parallel text in 2 Sam 21:21 has the variant spelling “Shimeah.”
